All SQL keywords list

AVG — The SQL AVG() function returns the average value of a numeric column.

COUNT — The SQL COUNT() function returns the number of rows that match a condition.

MAX — The SQL MAX() function returns the largest value in a column.

MIN — The SQL MIN() function returns the smallest value in a column.

SUM — The SQL SUM() function returns the total of a numeric column.

CASE — The SQL CASE expression provides conditional logic inside queries.

COALESCE — The SQL COALESCE() function returns the first non-NULL value from a list.

IS NOT NULL — The SQL IS NOT NULL operator filters rows where a column contains a non-NULL value.

IS NULL — The SQL IS NULL operator checks whether a value is NULL.

NULLIF — The SQL NULLIF() function returns NULL if two expressions are equal.

CURRENT_DATE — The SQL CURRENT_DATE function returns the current date without time.

DATE_FORMAT — The SQL DATE_FORMAT() function formats a date or datetime value according to a specified pattern (MySQL-compatible).

DATEDIFF — The SQL DATEDIFF() function returns the number of days between two dates.

NOW — The SQL NOW() function returns the current date and time.

GROUP BY — The SQL GROUP BY clause groups rows that share the same values.

HAVING — The SQL HAVING clause filters aggregated results after GROUP BY.

FULL JOIN — The SQL FULL JOIN (FULL OUTER JOIN) returns all rows from both tables, matching rows where possible and filling missing values with NULLs.

INNER JOIN — The SQL INNER JOIN returns only rows that have matching values in both tables.

JOIN — The SQL JOIN clause combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

LEFT JOIN — The SQL LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

RIGHT JOIN — The SQL RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

DELETE — The SQL DELETE statement removes rows from a table.

INSERT — The SQL INSERT statement adds new rows to a table.

INSERT INTO SELECT — The SQL INSERT INTO SELECT statement copies data from one table into another.

UPDATE — The SQL UPDATE statement modifies existing rows in a table.

UPSERT — UPSERT inserts a new row or updates an existing row if a conflict occurs (syntax depends on the database).

BETWEEN — The SQL BETWEEN operator filters values within a range (inclusive).

DISTINCT — The SQL DISTINCT keyword removes duplicate rows from a result set.

EXISTS — The SQL EXISTS operator checks whether a subquery returns any rows.

ILIKE — The SQL ILIKE operator performs a case-insensitive pattern match (PostgreSQL only).

IN — The SQL IN operator checks whether a value matches any value in a list or subquery.

LIKE — The SQL LIKE operator searches for a specified pattern in a column.

LIMIT — The SQL LIMIT clause restricts the number of returned rows.

OFFSET — The SQL OFFSET clause skips a number of rows before returning results.

ORDER BY — The SQL ORDER BY clause sorts query results.

SELECT — The SQL SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables.

WHERE — The SQL WHERE clause filters rows based on conditions.

UNION — The SQL UNION operator combines the result sets of two SELECT queries and removes duplicates.

UNION ALL — The SQL UNION ALL operator combines result sets and keeps duplicate rows.

CONCAT — The SQL CONCAT() function joins multiple strings into one.

LENGTH — The SQL LENGTH() function returns the length of a string in bytes.

LOWER — The SQL LOWER() function converts a string to lowercase.

REPLACE — The SQL REPLACE() function replaces all occurrences of a substring with another substring.

SUBSTRING — The SQL SUBSTRING() function extracts a portion of a string.

TRIM — The SQL TRIM() function removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.

UPPER — The SQL UPPER() function converts a string to uppercase.

PARTITION BY — The SQL PARTITION BY clause divides rows into groups for window functions.

RANK — The SQL RANK() function ranks rows within a partition, allowing ties.

ROW_NUMBER — The SQL ROW_NUMBER() function assigns a unique sequential number to rows within a partition.